At the end of the webinar, the attendee should be able to:

• Explain the oral microbiome's connection to nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia and sepsis;
• Describe clinical outcomes of patients with NVHAP in whom sepsis develops;
• Describe modifiable risk factors that address prevention of NVHAP and sepsis;
• Describe trends in the U.S. burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI);
• Restate the major types of CDI diagnostic assays;
• Review recommended therapy for CDI;
• Identify potential strategies that have been proposed to prevent Ventilator Associated Pneumonia;
• List potential sources of bias when evaluating Ventilator Associated Pneumonia prevention studies;
• Delineate the prevention practices best associated with improving objective outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients;
• Describe the general approach to the management of intra-abdominal infection;
• Understand how to select empiric antimicrobial agents for the treatment of intra-abdominal infection;
• Recognize how principles of antimicrobial stewardship apply to anti-infective therapy of intra-abdominal infection;
• Identify risk factors for patients who develop cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections;
• Differentiate pocket infection from systemic infection;
• Identify laboratory and imaging modalities needed to definitively diagnose cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection
• Identify treatment strategies for cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections;
• Describe the impact of prosthetic joint infection from the patients' perspectives;
• Implement strategies to medically optimize candidates for surgeries and to employ decolonization of bacteria;
• Utilize principles and practices of antibiotic stewardship for surgical prophylaxis.